杨宁 发表于 2020-6-12 14:10:39

丁道尔圣经注释:出埃及记导论

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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">编者序</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com<img src=" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  新旧两约《丁道尔圣经注释》的编辑主旨,是为圣经中的每一书卷提供查考容易、数据完备的注释,便于研经者的应用。经文诠释是本系列的主要重点。至于圣经批判学上的重要课题,则在避免过度专业化的前提下,在导论以及脚注中讨论。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  本系列每一卷书的作者,当然都有自由作出独特的贡献,在争议尚烈的题目上表达个人的观点。虽然篇幅有限,他们依然尽可能囊括和他们见解相歧的解释,因为这些都是其它挚诚信徒的结论。举例而言,作者并没有过分注重神启示圣名的时间、希伯来人出埃及之日期等备受争议的问题。反之,他的目标是指出这些重要的史实,在希伯来人的生活、神学以及全本旧约(乃至新约)圣经中,有何等深远的影响。时至今日,我们依然能从这卷书中学到无数的功课。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  没有一本英文译本,能够充分反映圣经原文的意思,这点在旧约尤其真确。本系列注释的作者须得引用不同的译本,甚或自己另译,才能向今日的读者,解明较为困难的段落。有必要时,他们也列出希伯来原文(或亚兰文)的音译,俾使不熟悉闪族语文的读者,可以掌握关键性的字汇,进而明了个中的论点。我们也相信读者手边,必然有一本或多本可靠的英文译本可供参考。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  时至今日,信徒对于旧约圣经的意义和信息,依然兴趣浓厚。盼望本系列注释能够推动信徒,更有系统地研究神的启示和祂藉此彰显的旨意和道路,在今日明白神的话语,并且作出回应。这是编者、出版者、作者至诚的祈祷。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">魏兹曼</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">D. J. Wiseman</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">作者序</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  告别这本《出埃及记》的注释,就像和一位老友诀别般,使我内心矛盾非常。深信在我一再延宕之下,丁道尔出版社几年来耐心等候的编辑们必然会同意我这句话;然而他们的心情却肯定没有我这么矛盾。能够在新加坡的三一学院(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Trinity College</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)动笔,在雪梨的摩尔学院(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Moore College</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)脱稿,又从麦夸里大学的孟席斯学院(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Robert Menzies College, Macquarie University</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)将这篇序言寄往出版社,是我的福气。这书若可题献,我当会将它献给这三所学院。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  这本注释有什么不足之处,我十分清楚。我</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">意从解说和释经的角度来写作,灵修方面则从轻处置,因为相信前者才是本系列的主要目的。我不是反对灵修式地研读旧约(绝对没有这种想法),只是鱼与熊掌不可得兼,那工作只得留待他人完成了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  我对读者的要求是:盼望读者首先翻阅导论中有关「出埃及记的神学」那一段落;因为照我安排,那是全书其余部分的骨干。先阅读这一段不但有助于明白注释,更(重要的是)能使读者从出埃及记中得益。其实即使是这个神学导论,也是几位比我更有成就的学者,在翻阅本书初稿之后,给我的无数建议之一。这几位学者的名字,我无意公开。然而若说这本书有什么优点,都是有赖于他们的指教,也算不得言过其实。书中若有什么隐晦不明和未臻完善之处,则完全是我个人的责任。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">一九七二年十月 柯勒</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">R. Alan Cole</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">简写一览</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial">‧</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">BDB</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">F. Brown, S. R. Driver &amp; C.A. Briggs, <I><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>Hebrew-English Lexicon of the Old Testament</I>, 1907.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">IDB</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible</SPAN></I></FONT><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,共四册,</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1962.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">JNES</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">Journal of Near Eastern Studies.</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">SVT</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">Supplement to Vetus Testamentum</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">古丁</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">D. W. Gooding, <I>The Account of the Tabernacle: Translation and Textual Problems of the Greek Exodus</I>, 1959.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">史安二氏</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">J. J. Stamm &amp; M. E. Andrew, <I><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>The Ten Commandments in Recent Research</I>, 1967.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">布伯</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">M. Buber, <I>Moses</I>, 1946.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">布赖特</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">J. Bright, <I>History of Israel</I>, 1960. </SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">中译:《以色列史》,香港:文艺,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1992</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">年五刷。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">陶庇</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">D. Daube, <I>The Exodus Pattern in the Bible</I>, 1963.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">艾斯弗特</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">O. Eissfeldt, <I>The Old Testament: an Introduction</I>, 1955</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">年英译本。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">柯劳斯</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">F. M. Cross, "The Priestly Tabernacle", <I>Biblical Archaeologist</I>, 1947.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">柯费二氏</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">F. M. Cross &amp; D. N. Freedman, "The Song of Miriam", <I>JNES</I>, 1955.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">辛卜森</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">C. A. Simpson, <I>The Early Traditions of Israel</I>, 1948.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">曼登豪</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">G. E. Mendenhall, <I>Law and Covenant in Israel and the Ancient Near East</I>, 1955.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">哈里森</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">R. K. Harrison, <I>Introduction to the Old Testament</I>, 1970.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">葛伦伯</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">L. H. Grollenberg, <I>Atlas of the Bible</I>, 1957.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">海厄特</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">J. P. Hyatt, <I>Commentary on Exodus</I></SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">New Century Bible</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">, 1971.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">纳皮尔</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">B. D. Napier, <I>Exodus</I>, 1963.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">基钦</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">K. A. Kitchen, <I>Ancient Orient and Old Testament</I>, 1966.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">汤普森</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">R. J. Thompson, "Moses and the Law in a Century since Graf", <I>SVT </I>19, 1970.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">莱特</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">G. E. Wright, <I>Westminster Historical Atlas of the Bible</I>, 1946.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">莱特</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">G. E. Wright, "Book of Exodus" </SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">及</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>"Route of Exodus", <I>IDB</I>, 1962.</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">德莱维</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">S. R. Driver, <I>Exodus</I>, 1911.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">挪士</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">M. Noth, <I>Exodus</I>, 1962.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">诺斯</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">\cs16</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">C. R. North, "Pentateuchal Criticism", <I>The Old Testament and Modern Study</I>, H. H. Rowley </SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">编,</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1951.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">弗勒</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">G. Fohrer, <I>Introduction to the Old Testament</I>, 1970 </SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">年英译本。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">戴维斯</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">G. Henton Davies, <I>Exodus</I>, 1967.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">韦瑟</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">A. Weiser, <I>Introduction to the Old Testament</I>, 1961.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">罗利</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">H. H. Rowley, <I>From Joseph to Joshua</I>, 1950.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">罗森伯</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">B. Rothenberg, <I>God's Wilderness</I>, 1961.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">圣经版本</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">AV</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">Authorized Version</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">(钦定本,即</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>King James</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1611</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">JB</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">Jerusalem Bible</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1966</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">NEB</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">The New English Bible Old Testament</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1970</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">RSV</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">American Revised Standard Version</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1952</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">RV</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">English Revised Version</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1881</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">七十士译本</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">教会时代前,旧约希腊文译本,主前三世纪</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">马索拉经文</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">犹太教的标准希伯来文圣经,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Massoretic Text</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,主后六至十一世纪</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">和合本</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">中文官话和合本,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1919</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 81pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 81.0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‧</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">现中本</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">现代中文译本,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1979</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">导论</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hide: all"><FONT face="Times New Roman">{\Section:TopicID=104}</FONT></SPAN><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">Ⅰ 出埃及记的内容</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  出埃及记的英文名称并非来自希伯来文(原文只是依照开首两字,称本书为「这是……的名字」),而是来自七十士译本,即主前三世纪时在埃及翻译的希腊文圣经。此名虽属后人所加,却是个好书名。英文书名</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <I><SPAN lang=EN-US>Exodus</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">是「出离」的意思,而本书的中心信息,正是神子民「出离」的事迹。(中文的「出埃及记」,也可以溯源到七十士译本。)出埃及记以无助的以色列人在埃及为奴开始,记载神怎样默默预备拯救者,这人怎样面对法老。接而以色列的神和埃及一切假神交锋,灾难一个接一个临到顽梗的法老和他所治理的埃及。第十二章带来了逾越节和埃及地长子之死:以色列终于可以自由离去。这是出埃及记的高峰之一,接下来的是渡过红海,波浪淹没法老的车马。第十五章记载摩西以得胜之歌称颂神的拯救,有承先启后的作用。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  上面所说的,还不是全套的故事。以色列还未到达拯救者摩西起初蒙召的西乃山(出三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)在那里敬拜神,来证明她已得蒙救赎。她在旷野前进之时,仍然在「出离」旧生活的过程之中。她需要饮食、保护、引领,这一切神都会供给她,然而以色列不断地埋怨和悖逆,却暴露了她的本性。她终于在西乃山脚的平原上,在雷轰闪电中听见神的声音,因而惊恐战栗。她在此与神立约(出二十四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),以色列国就此诞生。出埃及记的第二个高峰不但包括了立约,更包括了附带之「盟约律法」的赐予。十诫是这律法的总纲,「约书」(出二十一~二十三章)详述其中的内涵;神的本性以伦理的语言表达,对以色列的要求也在此说明。出离旧的生活方式,没有出离旧地容易,但当行之道却已清楚显明。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  但第三个高峰仍未出现。下面的章节从容而仔细地,在每个细节都充满了象征意义的前提下,描述旧日英译本称为「会幕」(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">tabernacle</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)的建筑物,以及其中一切陈设(出二十五~三十一章)。神要与人同住,所以必须建造合祂居住的帐幕(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">tent</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。但我们暂时拥有的,只是祭司的蓝图,就如以西结书的一样(结四十~四十三章),是一些供日后建筑用的简单指示。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  第三个高峰之前是个低谷。摩西还在他历程的巅峰,在山上与神面对面说话之时,以色列却跌入了她的低谷:铸造、崇拜金牛犊(出三十二章)。她荣耀的盟约怎么了?是和石版一起,在山脚摔得粉碎了吗?她和神建立的新关系付诸东流了吗?不然。虽然要严严受罚,却有摩西的代求,又有神的赦免。而利未也因为尽忠,而得到了成为祭司支派的权利。至此盟约也必须重述:一步一步地,以祭司喜爱重复的心,复述每一个程序(出三十四~三十九章)。这些章节记载了「会幕」的实际建筑:工匠一丝不苟地遵行了神在山顶指示摩西的每个细节。终于一切都齐备了:最后一章记载会幕的奉献,以及神与人同住(出四十章)。从某一方面来说,这正是全书情节发展之鹄的:是出埃及记的真正高潮。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">Ⅱ 五经之一的出埃及记</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  谈过这些以后,我们可以讨论五经其余的部分了。出埃及记是五经之一,从某些角度来看,甚至可说是人工分割出来的肢体。出埃及记的开首刻意回应创世记最末的几节;而出埃及记结束时对祭司的指示,也和利未记、民数记相连。整体来说,五经只有五个大主题:神对列祖的应许、出埃及、神在西乃山藉盟约和律法的自我启示、旷野流浪、进入迦南。五个主题之中,出埃及记详细处理了三个,并且回顾第一个,展望最后一个。本书刻意将摩西在西乃山上经历的异象和蒙召,描绘为神对以色列列祖应许的实现,而结束全书的应许,也说到神要带领他们直到迦南。所以出埃及记虽仅属于较大较广的整体之一部分,却是精粹的部分,甚至可以称为全部五经启示的中心。它是律法书中,最有权利称为「救恩史」(德:</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Heilsgeschichte</FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">;英:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">history of salvation</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)的书卷。即使是其中的法例,也可以名正言顺地称为「救恩律」(德:</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Heilsgesetze</FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">;英:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">law of salvation</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),因为它颁布的背景,正是与得赎国度所立的盟约,和因之而有的义务(见戴维斯)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">Ⅲ 出埃及记和五经的「底本」</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  昔日公认的信念是:现有的出埃及记几乎全本都是摩西的著作,只有几节是乔舒亚在摩西死后加插的。然而十九世纪末主流的批判学说,却将出埃及记视为几个年代不同的文献(但皆在摩西之后很久),拼砌出来的杂烩。甚至历史上是否真有摩西其人也受到质疑。譬如,挪士(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Martin Noth</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)就提出说,摩西可能是个不知名的沙漠酋长,其坟墓为以色列人所记念;如此他对于以色列传统的影响,便是外来的了。对这类学者来说,「摩西著作」这句话是毫无意义的。真相究竟是怎样的呢?可能两个极端都不是。先时,这看来井然有序的「底本说」(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Documentary Hypothesis</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)所以没落,主要是因为这理论太成功了</SPAN><SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1</SPAN></SUP><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,学者鉴别出来的单位越分越细,越来越片段,使得底本不再是大而连贯的文献。另一方面,北欧学者则强调口述传统的重要性和可靠性,他们甚至不容许提及写下来的「底本」,反而注重错综复杂的口述传统。无论如何,这些传统的稳定性,到后来已经变得和文件等同了。形式批判学教导我们怎样透过文学形式,来把各样的圣经材料加以分类和形容。形式批判学所研究的单位,也比旧日「底本说」的为小,并且注重造成这些单位的生活背景。近期德国学者更教导我们观察「『传统』的历史」,藉以看见一个事件的记载(即所谓「传统」),可能经过什么阶段才达到现有的形式。这些理论的重要性并不局限在学术之上,它能帮助我们了解现有经文形成之时,经过了十分复杂的程序,并且认知到其中的材料,历史十分悠久。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  归根究柢,解经者的研究对象是至终的产品,即:在他眼前的经文。这也是笔者的目标。上述的题目虽然有趣,但在这本注释书有限的篇幅之内,却不可能详细讨论。不少这些问题都必须研究希伯来原文方才有用,因此有兴趣的读者,最好是查看讨论希伯来经文的大型注释书。应当指出的只是:就出埃及记而言,纵使那所谓「批判学革命」已经发生,原有的底本说也广被摒弃,很多学者依然使用</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>J</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">E</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">D</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">P </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">等记号,来表示想象中的五经来源文献</SPAN><SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">2</SPAN></SUP><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">。这些记号如果只是用来描述材料的类型和段落,而不是断定写作日期,则没有什么不妥。然而同样的记号,今日的用法却有显著的不同。譬如现代学者已经不再以为</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>J </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">是源自主前九世纪南国的文献了。他们相信它是犹大多个世纪以来的当代传统,九世纪收集后付诸笔墨,达到固定的形式。同样,他们也会视</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>E </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">为以法莲传统的集成,内容和</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>J </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">一样古老,但却比它晚一个世纪才收录为文献。这立场和底本说大相径庭,所用的记号却是一样。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  再者,他们如今更认为</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>J </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">和</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>E</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,都不过是摩西传统的不同表达(假设我们接受这两个文献实际上是独立存在的)。这传统的记号是</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>G</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,即「基本层」(德:</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Grundlage</FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">;英:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">basic layer</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。而</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>D </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">则被视为更后期的集成,作用是诠释早期的律法,很多时候是「约书」的补充(出二十~二十三章)。即使是昔时被视为最后期、最不可靠「底本」的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> P</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,今日学者也相信是别处已经散佚,但在此受到祭司一丝不苟保存的古代记录。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  换言之,今日广为接受的看法,是底本的日期(这当然是假设这些底本真正存在,编纂年日亦能确定),并没有其中内容的日期来得重要。简言之,现代五经研究和新约研究的立场十分近似:四卷福音书虽然著作日期有别,而且比较晚,皆同样保存了耶稣言行的早期传统。我们当然可以在原则上,否定这种来源批判的做法。另一方面,我们亦能以敬虔的不可知态度处理这事,承认来源必然存在,但却避免一口咬定它的性质。我们又可专注于眼前的经文,若不遇到诠释上的问题,便不进一步探讨。但不论所循的是哪条途径,我们必须谨记:今日旧约研究的风气,和以往已经有很大的分别。摩西其人和他作品基本上的历史性,(起码在大意上)已经得到广泛的认定。不同派系的学者,都会认为十诫(或其简略的形式)是来自摩西时代</SPAN><SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">3</SPAN></SUP><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">;又承认约书的内容属于铜器时代。以上看法或许仍不能满足希望能够维持更坚强立场的人,但我们起码也当以感谢的态度,来面对这种立场上的改变。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><o:p><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></SUP></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">1</SPAN></SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">辛卜森可算是把这做法推至逻辑上之极端,使经文完全片段化的代表性人物。他的做法虽然可能没错,却只是个分析,不能解释现有的经文怎样形成。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">2</SPAN></SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">诺斯(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1951</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)和汤普森(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1970</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)都各自纵览了当时的立场,可对比之。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">3</SPAN></SUP><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">罗利(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Rowley, <I>Moses and the Decalogue</I>, 1951</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)就是一个例子;莫文克(</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">Mowinckel, </SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">LeDe*calogue</SPAN></I></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">, 1927</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)及阿尔特(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Alt, <I>Ursprung des Israelitischen Rechts</I>, 1934</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)却不然。现代的史安二氏纵览了近代的立场,可参他们的作品。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">Ⅳ 出埃及记的难题</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  即使是最保守的学者,也不会否认出埃及记有些问题依然有待解决。然而这些问题大多和史地有关,对书中神学信息有所影响的少之又少。本书大部分会在这些问题首次出现之时,简约地加以讨论。少数有必要详细处理的问题,则以更长的篇幅研究。而余下的问题,读者便得参考大型的注释书,如《新世纪圣经注释》(</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">New Century Bible</FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)中海厄特(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Hyatt</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)的著作了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  举例来说,我们不晓得以色列人在埃及寄居了多久。有些人甚至会认为,我们不能肯定以色列人是否全部都曾在当地居住。我们不知道出埃及的确切日期(虽然借着考古数据可以大约肯定)、以色列所行途径、或西乃山的确实地点。以上只是部分的问题;出埃及记中未能解答(就现有数据来说,实在不能解答)的问题,我们可以列举过百。但这些问题之中,没有一个是对神学论点有所影响的,所以我们也不必舍本逐末,过分加以注重。不知道出埃及的人数、路途、日期,并非什么大不了的事。重要的只是我们和后来的以色列人一样,知道而且相信出埃及的史实,并且同样视之为神拯救的大工。实际上,对以色列而言,这是神凌驾一切之上的拯救作为,因为它可说是以色列被造之始。出埃及的史实是以色列信条的中心,此后神一切的拯救作为皆以此为准则。基督的十字架对基督徒有多重要,出埃及对以色列人就有多重要。然而正如我们不能肯定耶稣被钉的确实日期、地点,以色列也不能确知西乃山的确实时、地。我们之所以有这些问题,不过证明了我们是有科学头脑的现代人而已。其实从某方面来说,我们是把自己的问题带进圣经里面,然后却因为圣经没有提供答案,而埋怨圣经。对原来的作者来说,这一切显然都不成问题,不然他们也就不会这样记载了。我们不能责备古希伯来人「头脑不科学」,也毋需因为自己「头脑科学」而自责;我们要学习,不向圣经问一些不在其回答范围之内的问题。如果一定要问这些问题,我们只能猜测其答案。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">Ⅴ 出埃及记的适切性</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  要说旧约的中心是哪卷书并不容易,但条件比出埃及记更好的书卷,也很难找得到。对于认为神学的要旨就是记述神救赎大工的人来说,出埃及记一至十五章是最佳的例证;圣经其它的记述不过是其映衬。对于认为旧约是社群崇拜生活产品的人来说,出埃及记的中心正是以色列最大、最具特色的节期──逾越节──设立的记述。实际上,出埃及记可说是这节期来源的解释,要(像今日一样)在庆祝之时大声宣读。对于视神的「妥拉」(</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">to^ra^</FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,即律法)为后世以色列生活和思想中心的人,出埃及记详述赐律法的经过,又记录了律法的核心:十诫。对于后来注重祭司职任,视维持圣殿崇拜为宇宙栋梁的犹太作家来说,出埃及记叙述了圣殿之前身──会幕的建造。然而存敬意回顾摩西、亚伦的,也不独是祭司一脉的人。摩西也是以色列一切先知的典范(申十八</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">18</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。后世先知虽或更深入神的心意,都不过是个改革家,倡导回复摩西启示之精神,和以色列从埃及得拯救的属灵经验。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  因此出埃及的史实,自然就被以色列的信仰视为神恩典、信实、能力最大的表彰,为日后以色列思想的主流。它在以色列史中,甚至长期盖过了创造和族长时代的重要事迹。然而我们亦将提到,神创造的大能和祂对亚伯拉罕的应许,在思想上和出埃及很有关连,而且事实上,部分「应验」在这事件里。甚至后来对戴维家系的应许(撒下七</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">17</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),也不能抹灭从埃及得拯救的记念。出埃及实际上就成为预表,作为日后判断一切拯救的准则。难怪被掳的人从巴比伦归回,就被视为更伟大的第二个「出埃及」:他们再次从另一个埃及中出来。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  出埃及的事迹,以至后来的出埃及记,对以色列人若是如此宝贵,对基督徒来说就更加宝贝了。摩西和伊莱贾在登山变像的记述中讨论基督面临的死亡之时,福音书的作者故意用上了</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <I><SPAN lang=EN-US>exodos</SPAN></I></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">(「出离」,出埃及记的希腊文名称)这希腊字,来形容耶稣「去世」(路九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">31</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。基督去世的确实日期不论是在何时,其发生背景显然是伟大的逾越节(路二十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">13</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。保罗称基督为逾越节的羔羊(林前五</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),两者间的关系就更明确了。约翰用隐喻笔法暗指同一要点,强调十架上的基督,骨头一根也没有折断(约十九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">33</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">36</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),正如逾越节的羊羔也不得有折骨(出十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">46</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。自此在全本新约,这隐喻都一再重现。逾越节引进一个礼拜长的无酵节,所以基督徒也要吃这诚实、真正、远离罪恶败坏的「无酵饼」(林前五</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  出埃及和救赎间的关系,并非教会日后的发明,而是来自基督本身的思想。从保罗的记载就可以看出:祂视自己的死为立新的约之祭(林前十一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">25</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),祂的血是神新的约之印记。正如出埃及之时,神和以色列间所立旧的约,也是以血作为印记一样(出二十四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。律法若是旧的约之结果,这个杰里迈亚所预言新的约,便会引至爱的律法了;新约不少书信皆有详细解释(如:罗十三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。出埃及记的伟大主题无论从什么角度看,都和「旧的约」(这名字也是从本书所记的事迹而来)其余部分一样,没有被基督废掉,反而从祂得到成全(太五</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">17</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。故此得赎之人在天上所唱的,是摩西和羔羊的歌(启十五</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。要明白新约的中心信息,没有一卷书能比本书,会使详细研读的人得到更大的益处,因为出埃及记是旧约的中心,是旧的约立约的记录。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">出埃及记的神学</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  旧约──甚至新约──中的主要论题,不举出埃及记作例证的,实在不容易找到。此后圣经很多的主题皆发轫于本书中对以色列经历的阐明,和导致她成为一个民族的伟大史迹。下面的神学导言,将以神本性的几方面为题,讨论其显著的要点。我们无意作彻底的处理,只是略为介绍本书的神学宝藏而已。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">Ⅰ 掌管历史的神</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  神是一切历史、一切环境幕后的操纵者,这点从出埃及记第一章已可看出,尽管神的名字要到第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节才出现。希伯来人和我们不同;不提到神,并不表示不敬虔。我们只能在生命高潮,在所谓「神迹」的重大作为中看见神;反之,希伯来人则从生命的每个细节中,看见神的手。没有什么是祂力有未逮,或无法操纵的──甚至法老心硬,也在祂掌管之下(出四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">21</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。就是这个信念,使希伯来人视出埃及的事迹为历史的颠峰,为神对以色列的拯救作为。没有以色列人会怀疑这事的真实性,因为他们的确是从埃及得拯救出来了。这种不可能的事之所以发生,惟一的可能是因为这是神的作为,万事都在祂控制之下。然而神施行这种掌管历史的无敌大能,也不是漫无目的的。祂支配万事,不论是否有什么立即的结果,为的都是使祂的儿女至终能得益处。出埃及记第一章就可以作证:压迫以色列人的措施,反而使他们人数更为增多(出一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。神爱心的护佑,从收生婆得恩宠(出一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">21</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),以及摩西性命得保全,又得被法老女儿收养(出二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),一再得到证明。收生婆还可以说是对神忠心而配得恩待,婴儿摩西也可以说是没有做过什么错事,可免于被剥夺了神的照顾。但摩西即使到了因为自己的鲁莽,在米甸地,一文不名地逃亡之时(出二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">22</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),依然得到神的爱眷。研读过日后历史(如:出十六</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)的人,没有谁会认为忘恩负义的以色列,配受如此的恩待;她在埃及之时,无疑也是和出埃及之后同样的不配。所以之前还是神护理的教义,如今却变成了神恩典的教义。是神把不应得的恩宠,浇灌在祂所拣选、不配得恩典的对象身上。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">Ⅱ 我是耶和华</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  神是</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>YHWH</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">(耶和华)。出埃及记三章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">13</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节说得很清楚:神藉这个名字所赐的启示,是摩西时代神学的基础。摩西以前的日子究竟怎样,有不同的看法。有人认为「耶和华」之名,摩西时代以前没人知道,也不通用(出六</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。早期在旧约中使用这名字,也只是为要显示列祖的神,就是摩西所认识、蒙启示的神(这问题可参考哈里森,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">578</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">582</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">页)。其它人则依据创世记四章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">26</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节等经文,坚持远在摩西以前,以色列人的祖先起码已经有一部分,知道这个名字。这名字也因此在创世记的经文中,得到广泛的应用。他们更进一步宣称,出埃及记六章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节所启示的,是名字的意义;神到如今才让人知道其中的深意。然而这问题对出埃及记的神学并不重要,重要的是神有名字,故此祂是完全有位格的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  对希伯来人来说,「名字」代表「性情」。认识神的名字,就是认识祂的性情;而「求告祂的名」,就是诉诸祂所启示的本性(诗九十九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。「宣告」耶和华的名,就是描写祂的性情(出三十三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">19</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。以色列既是耶和华的子民(出十九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),发生在他们身上的事,便全部都与耶和华的「名」有关。后来摩西为以色列代求时,这点变得十分重要(出三十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">13</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),神的名声与以色列人息息相关。神不能丢弃他们;反之,祂必须透过他们,使祂的名得荣耀。对希伯来人而言,神此时另立新「名」(假定六</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">是如此解释),就表示神赐下了更新、更高的启示,超越旧名「依勒沙代」(</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">El-Shaddai</FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,和合本作</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">全能的神</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,参创十七</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)等列祖所用的名字。此后「耶和华」之于旧约,就变得和「耶稣」之于新约同等重要。这名成了昔日一切启示的总和(「耶和华」虽是新名,却仍是他们「列祖的神」),又是他们蒙救赎、得拯救经历的中心。「耶稣」一名令基督徒联想到十字架;同样,「耶和华」一名也使希伯来人联想到出埃及。所以基督徒形容基督为「救赎主」,听来何等自然(加三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">13</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),神自称耶和华时,加上「曾将你从埃及地为奴之家领出来」(出二十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),也是何等顺理成章。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  至于「耶和华」一名确实的意义却有很多争论。至于不同的说法,请参看出埃及记第三章的注释</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hide: all"><FONT face="Times New Roman">{\LinkToBook:TopicID=139,Name= </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hide: all">三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hide: all"><FONT face="Times New Roman">13</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hide: all">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hide: all"><FONT face="Times New Roman">22.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hide: all"> 神宣告聖名</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hide: all"><FONT face="Times New Roman">}</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">。然而有两点是需要谨记的:首先,全本旧约直接解释这名字意义的,惟有出埃及记三章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节。第二,圣经清楚显示,这名只有神自己才有资格解明。从神学角度而言,这是表示除了神以外,无人能够解释神是怎样的:我们必须透过祂的言行,才能明白祂名的意义。出埃及记三章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节在文法上不论有什么解释,可以相当肯定的是:希伯来文的动词「是」(相当于英语的动词</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>to be</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),有「存在」(而活跃)的意思,这字是动态而非静态的。以色列不像别国,要在神祇的存在和本性这种疑难的问题上作臆测,她的神是「存在的神」,活跃于历史之中,透过话语和行为,自我启示。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  耶和华拯救以色列出埃及,祂的本性首先藉这事迹阐明。日后的以色列史,将要随</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">得救经历的增长,在她最初的信条(「曾将你从埃及地领出来」)上,增添一句又一句的条款。她的信条不但宣告耶和华将她从埃及领出来(出二十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),更宣告祂是把她领进迦南(申二十六</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">9</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)、为她兴吉士师(士二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">16</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)等等的那位。圣名原来的解释(出三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)无论是「我是我所是」(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">I am who I am</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)还是「我将成为我所将成为的」(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">I will be who I will be</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),其中所蕴涵的应许,已在历史之中实现。神既藉</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">言语行为,渐进地将自己的本性启示与人,祂「名字」的意义也就越来越丰富。应验的颠峰是在新约:神向人说出最伟大的话语(「道」,约一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),祂最大的拯救作为得以完成(约十九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">30</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。自此祂要更完全的被称为「神我们主耶稣基督的父」(罗十五</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),和圣灵的差遣者(约十四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">26</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。随</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">这丰满的启示,神也有新启用的名字。下面将要谈到,虽然正确运用语言学是一切圣经神学的基础,但要明白圣名,至终还得从神学而非语言学</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">手。实际上整个十诫,都是这种神学上的解释,阐明耶和华名字的重要性。十诫以耶和华拯救作为的定义作为开始(出二十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),接而表达祂道德的本性。其中最重要的一句,大概是说,耶和华是「热心的神」(和合本作「忌邪的神」),热心于惩罚以及恪守所立的约(出二十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。之后神向摩西自我宣告圣名的段落(出三十四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),又可和本段参较。该段经文从慈爱和审判的观点形容神「名字」的意义,并再次强调神「忌邪」的本性(出三十四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">Ⅲ 圣洁的神</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  神是圣洁的;祂向摩西显现的地方也是(其实是因这启示而成为)「圣地」(出三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。虽然「圣洁」的观念在创世记(参创二十八</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">17</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)已经存在,这形容词在五经中出现,这是第一次。后来「圣洁」更成为阐释神的本性和存有,最常用的形容词之一。利未记中尤其常见(如:利十一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">45</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。撇开语言学的精微之处不谈,这个希伯来字根的基本意思似乎是「分离」,因此和普通事物「有别」。对迦南人来说,这概念可能完全没有道德上的含义。生殖女神亚斯他录(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Astarte</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)在埃及所用的别名「库德苏」(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Qudshu</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),意思是「圣者」。而以色列所严禁之庙妓(利十九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">29</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),名称的实际意义也是「圣者」。但神所以和人「分离」或「有别」,却不单因为两者是截然不同的存有。以色列之神的迥然有别,在乎其道德本性;因此在以色列,「圣洁」是有道德内涵的。这也是祂藉「十言」(即「十诫」)自我启示的原因。十言虽有理性的内容,却是道德而非理性的启示。以色列从埃及得拯救后继续经历神,也应当是个渐进的道德经验:不断受考验的是他们的良知,不是他们的理性。所以在新的约中,神将祂的道向婴孩彰显,却向聪明人隐藏(太十一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">25</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。因为道德诫命不论如何难以遵行,总没有难以明白之处。绊倒我们的,主要不是理性而是道德:与神为敌的根源,始终是我们的意志。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  神既是「圣洁」、既是「有别」的,一切和祂有关,或是专门为祂所用的事物,便同时享有这种圣洁的特质。如果称圣的只是无生命的对象(如:膏油),可能不过表示它不得俗用(出三十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">32</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。有时触摸也可能导致难以解释的危险(出十九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">13</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。但神圣洁的定义既是道德的,作为「圣洁的国民」(在出十九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">中,正如此称呼以色列)便必须面对严格的道德要求了。另一卷书的要求更是斩钉截铁:「你们要圣洁,因为我耶和华你们的神是圣洁的」(利十九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。这句话说得再简洁一些,即:「我是耶和华你们的神」(利十九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),就是道德诫命的动因。耶和华既是圣洁,一切解释便变得多余:藉恩典而得的新关系,使道德上的要求变得不可动摇。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  就出埃及记而言,整本「约书」(大致是出二十一~二十三章)的意旨就是:界定作为神的子民、圣洁的国度是什么意思。故此,圣洁最深的定义,就是神要求祂儿女反映出来的祂自己的本性。会幕的至圣所深置中心位置,离开中心越远,所用的金属和材料就越不珍贵。这建筑所反映所描绘的,正是神这个圣洁的概念。律法若是神圣洁话语的表达,会幕便是它可见的比喻,以色列国也应当是它行动的实例。我们或者可以这样说:以色列崇拜中,非常基本的赎罪祭(出二十九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),其概念的源头,也是从道德而非礼仪的角度来理解神的圣洁。然而这一点最好还是在另一个标题之下讨论。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">Ⅳ 记念的神</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  耶和华也是记念的神(出二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">24</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。明确一点来说,祂是「记念」祂与亚伯拉罕和列祖「所立之约」的神。这当然不是说神有忘记的可能(除非「忘记」是个形容赦免罪孽的喻象,参赛六十四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">9</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。说神「记得」,其实是个形容神之不变性的拟人法(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">anthropomorphism</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,或者更准确一点,是「神人同感论法」,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">anthropopathism</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。神绝不反复无常,昔日和人的交往所显示的本性,现在将来都同样真实。祂和异教神祇判若云泥:这些神祇和创造他们的人一样,任意妄为、喜怒无常。循序渐进的启示,惟有倚赖这种不变性才得以维持。基于这个原则,今后以色列判断自己的历史和一切事务,都是以出埃及作为标准。这原则也是她将来最黑暗的日子中,存盼望的倚靠。因为到时神会呼吁以色列:「记念」祂在盟约中为她所成的事。她从此便能得到确据,知道神在她身上恩典的旨意不会终结。另一方面,「记念」也是驱策他们遵行诫命的动力(出二十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。有句话说得真好:惟有「记念」,才能将福音和律法合而为一,以色列遵守律法,是因为她「记得」拯救的福音。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  在希伯来思想中,「记念」等于「行动」。这点对神、对以色列而言,都同样适切。这也不是什么新的概念。圣经说神「记念挪亚」(创八</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),就等于说:神对挪亚所做的事,是要显明祂不变的本性。当时不变的是神的恩典(创六</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),现今对以色列也是一样。所以说神「记念」,就是认定祂一再对祂子民以色列,重复祂施恩拯救的作为,藉此成就祂的应许,彰显祂的不变。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  但这里还更有深意:神记念的是祂的「约」。这是出埃及记及其神学的中心:神在西乃山和以色列所立的约(出二十四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)不但左右全卷出埃及记,更左右了今后以色列的思想。我们每次提到「旧约」(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Old Testament</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)──即「旧的约」(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Old Covenant</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)──之时,便是在无意之间承认了这个事实。西乃山之约后来的确是遮掩了亚伯拉罕之约的光彩,以迄被掳时期为止(结三十三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">23</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">24</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),后者一直很少提及。但根据出埃及记的经文,以西乃山之约为顶点的拯救作为,是神应许的实现,而这些应许的源头,正是亚伯拉罕之约(出三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">17</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。实际上,圣经整个救恩历史都是从应许和应验的角度表达的。西乃山之约的深度和历史基础也在于此:神拯救是祂「记念」亚伯拉罕之约的行为,祂也可算是复述这约。保罗认为亚伯拉罕之约,其实比神在西乃山和以色列所立的约更深、更基本(加三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">17</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。他寻求因信称义的例证,是往亚伯拉罕之约而非往西乃之约寻找。无论如何,「旧的约」更为杰里迈亚所预言的「新的约」(耶三十一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">31</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)提供了字汇。新的约由弥赛亚之死引进,而基督以最后晚餐作为其象征(林前十一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">25</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  作为新旧两约兼提并用的命题,「约」有多重要,实在毋需赘言。「立约的血」和「立约的牺牲」等字眼,都是明白神计划和基督工作的基础,因为盟约通常都是藉祭牲的血而确定的。「约」其实是那时彼此协议当然的方式。不论是个人(创二十一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">32</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)还是团体(书九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),甚至是与非人的对象(伯三十一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),都可以有立约的关系。「约」原来是否贸易术语,至今未有定论。但这个字肯定包括了现代「合同」的含义,在完全世俗(创二十一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">32</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)或宗教事务方面都用得上。部分的世俗条约是平等双方之间的盟约,然而也有些是和以色列的盟约一样,立约双方有尊卑之分。世俗条约中最类似以色列与神之「约」的,是君主和受他恩宠保护的藩属之间的单方「主权条约」。赫人以及亚述诸王所立的条约,都是绝佳例证。君王首先描述他为藩属国的子民所作的事,证实了所施的恩典后,便根据权利,颁布他们必须遵行的要求和责任。由此可见,当时已经开始明白恩典(因)和律法(果)之间的关系了。早期的「宗主条约」(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">suzerainty treaties</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)通常都在后面,为守约和叛盟的人陈列一连串的祝福和咒诅。虽然这种结构和以色列西乃山之约,甚至亚伯拉罕之约(创十五</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">21</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)都显然有相类之处,却不宜过分强调。譬如说,摩西律法就没有称耶和华为以色列的「王」──尽管这概念可能包含在出埃及记二十章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节的背后,圣经后来也明显提到(士八</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">23</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。故此,这些例子不太可能是以色列直接抄袭的结果,而是圣经以当时文化背景中耳熟能详的措辞,表达人和神新关系的方法。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  需要在本节讨论的还有一点。神是「列祖的神」,祂自我宣告为亚伯拉罕、艾萨克、雅各布的神(出三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。这一方面是神启示之一贯而延续的声明,另一方面也肯定了神和人所建立关系中恒久的特质。第一点的真理,在创世记中十分明显。亚伯拉罕仆人祷告的对象是亚伯拉罕的神。他不是以此为神的名号,而是以此来形容神向亚伯拉罕所彰显信实慈爱的本性,并且求取同样的恩待(创二十四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。第二点在此后的神学中更具重大意义:神所建立的关系是恒久的。新约里,在基督的口中,这一点更成了所谓列祖「个人不死」的论证(太二十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">31</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">32</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。神和他们建立关系,就肯定了这关系的永久性;而这永久关系本身便足以保证当事人继续存在。以新约的措辞来说,认识神就是永生(约十七</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。我们和神建立关系之时,不独地上生命的质量得到了改变,这关系更因为和我们建立关系的那位之故,变得永无穷尽。简单说一句:神若仍然「记念」列祖,他们便必定仍然存在。来生的概念虽然还只在无意识的雏形状态,这启示却是萌芽于此。这也是诗人在盼望之中(诗十七</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)、乔布在绝望之时(伯十九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">25</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">27</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),所追求的终极关系。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  在更广的层面上,注重神和列祖之间的关系,也就是强调以色列的信仰,在本质上具有历史性。亚伯拉罕、艾萨克、雅各布真有其人,他们和神的关系也是真实的经历。以色列日后一再回望出埃及的事迹,也是基于这种对历史性的坚持。她知道神在出埃及时所彰显的恩典和能力都是事实:她的存在就是证明。新约的路加也同样执着于基督徒所信之事的历史性(路一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。以色列信仰的凭恃就在于此:它不是哲学、不是玄学、不是要加入才能认识的神秘宗教,不是「基于感觉的宗教」,而是「基于事实的宗教」。它基本上是所经验之历史一贯的诠释,人或能否定其解释,却不能否定其史实。这就是以色列能够视神为「行动的神」的原因,也是她能够充满信心地,等候神照祂所应许,再行奇事的原因。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">Ⅴ 施行拯救的神</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  神有别于迦南神祇(王上十八</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">27</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),祂是活神(申五</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">26</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),是有行动作为的神。祂更是施行拯救作为的神;「我下来是要救他们」(出三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),是祂要摩西带给以色列人的口信。圣经拯救的概念在此而生,今后无数经文在这方面的用语和喻象,都取自出埃及记。拯救的观念当然远在出埃及记之前已经存在,挪亚(创八章)和罗得(创十九章)的故事都是例子。但在这两个例子之中,形容神的字眼却不是「拯救」而是「记念」。上面已经说过,「记念」一词基本上有行动的意义。从以色列在外邦为奴的历史背景而来的「带起」(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">bring up</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,出三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,和合本作「领出」)和「领出」(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">bring forth</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,出三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),也可以算是拯救的同义词。另一个同义词「救赎」,新旧两约也有丰富的历史,但这概念的主要动词</SPAN><I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>ga{~al</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,出埃及记却很少出现(莫理斯,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Leon Morris</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,所著《丁道尔旧约圣经注释──路得记》,对「救赎」有详细的讨论)。在地业买卖中,这字经常有「付出买价」的意思(虽然较不常用的动词</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> pa{d[a^h</FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,在此更加合适)。然而出埃及记六章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节和十五章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">13</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节,也都用上了这个动词(</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">ga{~al</FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),来形容神对以色列的拯救作为。这动词直译的意义是「尽『救赎的亲属』之责任」;实例可见于路得记,利未记二十五章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">25</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节则是这做法的解释。此字在以赛亚书下半卷中屡屡出现,用以形容神要从巴比伦救赎祂的民,并视之为第二次的出埃及(如赛四十三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。祂的民以色列像当初一样在外地为奴,无法自救;神的旨意是要把他们从为奴的境况中拯救出来。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  所用的不论是什么字眼,拯救总是视为神独特的作为:解救受压无助的人是祂的本性。用旧约后期的字眼来说,这是神在法理上的「公义作为」(赛十一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。律法自始至终都强调神积极眷顾孤儿寡妇、被掳的人和寄居者(出二十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">21</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">24</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。而且神既然顾念无助的人,以色列也必须同样顾念他们(出二十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">21</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">22</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。她既然经历过神的拯救,记得昔日的无助,便当成为他人的拯救者。这样做才真正是「认识」神,认识祂的本性,又透过行为,把这知识彰显出来。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  神将自己的子民从埃及为奴的困境中拯救出来,还以为不够;祂借着一连串拯救的大作为,在旷野带领、保护、喂养他们,仍不以此为足。至终而言,祂是行事的神,要将得赎之民带出来承受富庶的产业。神首先向亚伯拉罕作出允诺(创十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),又在出埃及记三章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节应许摩西。今后无数形容迦南富饶的经文皆以本节为滥觞。另一个逐渐增长的意识也从此而生:神为祂所拣选的人预备了蒙福的产业,这正是申命记的伟大主题。这些祝福在旧约中,主要维持在今生的层面上。到了后来,这些祝福却也越来越转移到理想的将来中(赛十一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">9</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。应许的产业在新约变成了属灵的宝藏(彼前一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),但这并不表示它成了救恩中较不真实的部分,或变为神能力较少的表彰。然而神拯救的作为不论是何等多元化,以色列始终以出埃及的经历为他们终极的例子。过红海(出十四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">30</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">31</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)更是其中最具决定性的一刻,因为以色列就在此时,理解到自己已经出死入生。有人认为出埃及记十五章伟大的得胜故事,是个古老神话的回响;就是神在创世之战中,战胜仇敌海怪亚姆(</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ya{m</FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。本章的出埃及诗歌,当然可以从这些神话中借取褪了色的喻象,这是古往今来诗人的习惯。然而这首诗歌却和神话有异,海不是仇敌,只是神的器皿,执行祂的旨意,诗中甚至没将它拟人化。顽梗的法老才是真正的敌人(出十五</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),他把自己放在敌挡神的地位(出五</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),神辉煌地击败了他。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  法老代表人类权力的顶峰,与神和祂的子民作对。法老的没落就成了历世历代的借镜,证明抗拒神、拦阻祂的计划是徒劳无功的。这就是过红海为什么是神拯救以色列最适切之象征的原因。过红海之于以色列,就如基督复活之于基督徒,两者都是黑暗势力大败,救恩得以确定无虞的记号(出十四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">30</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。正如新约时代求告神,是基于祂在基督身上所成就最大的事(罗八</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">32</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),旧约时代求告神也必定是基于祂为以色列所成最大的事:出埃及的作为(士六</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">13</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。这也是渡过「芦海」(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Sea of Reeds</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)对保罗来说,为何是洗礼适切喻象的原因(林前十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">):审判之水已成过去,如今所处的是得救之境。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  无论如何,若将新约的模拟推进一步,复活不过是神得胜的宣告,真正的拯救工作在十字架上已经完成了(西二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。同样在旧约时期,真正标明以色列从埃及得救赎的是逾越之夜(出十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">29</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">32</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),故此逾越节必须算为神的「大能作为」之一。旧约其它地方虽然经常引述以色列从埃及得拯救,直接提到逾越节的段落却出奇地少。但它却为新约提供了极丰富的象征意义,尤其在保罗眼中,逾越节羊羔之死就在基督身上应验(林前五</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。同样的概念,起码在一定程度上,可能也在施洗约翰称耶稣为「神的羔羊」背后(约一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">29</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。基督在十架受死的确实日期,无论是哪一天,也必然是在逾越节的前后,这是明显的应验(路二十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。实际上,代表祂死亡的最后晚餐(路二十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),即使不是正式的逾越节筵席,也必有密切关系。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  虽然严格来说,逾越羊羔照律法而言不算是献祭,更谈不上是赎罪祭(基督在这方面的工作,是要成为以色列祭礼系统的应验,不是要应验逾越节)。但逾越羊羔和献祭,同样都是血礼(出十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。再者,逾越羊羔不但能够「消灾」,更有「代替」的含义:长子若要存活,羊羔便得死亡(出十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">13</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。它更可以说有挽回祭的作用,因为它能够将神的忿怒(以灭命使者为代表),转离以色列人的家。这一切都证明了逾越节和十字架两者之间,有独特相关的深意(林前五</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。藉基督的血,神完成了救赎人类的最大作为。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">Ⅵ 审判的神</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  神是行事的神,但祂所行的并不限于拯救。祂也是会发怒的神,即使对自己的仆人也是如此(出四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。这是新(约三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">36</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)、旧约神学中重要的一环。说神忿怒当然是拟人法,但所描述的也是事实──就像神有恩典一般真实。它所代表的,是神审判罪恶时不变的态度(审判又因此延伸到罪人身上;除非他愿意悔改)。只讲行动,不讲态度,是旧约的特征。神使审判临到「恨」祂的人(出二十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),藉以彰显忿怒;同样,祂对爱祂的人有「坚定的爱」(出二十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。祂若向自己的子民烧起怒气,他们甚至会因此灭绝(出三十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。以色列人因悖逆铸造金牛犊而被利未人屠杀(出三十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">28</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),接</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">又遭受瘟疫(出三十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">35</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,和合本作「耶和华杀百姓」),两件事都是神对祂子民恼怒的表彰。埃及受到灾殃、马车在红海淹没,都是祂向仇敌发怒的表记。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  这种对历史的诠释,也是以色列信仰的典型。屠杀和瘟疫皆已发生,在此以前是对神的叛离:两者都是不容辩驳的事实。以色列使用他们衡量胜利的标准,来衡量这些灾难。胜利若是神的拯救,灾难便必然是祂的惩罚:这原则此时有效,彼时也必然有效。这是神「审判」的两面,神行事将拯救带给受压制之人,又惩罚欺压人的(路一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">52</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。以色列平安渡过红海,埃及战车却被水淹没(出十四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">28</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">29</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。在今后历史中,以色列怎样从神拯救的角度来看每次的胜利,也怎样从神忿怒的角度来看一切的灾难。她所以能够接受后来的历史,而不致对神失去信心,全是归功于这个诠释系统。灾难不再是毫无意义:目标虽是管教,它在神对以色列的意旨中,也是有其地位的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  神不像巴力,祂的忿怒绝对不是反复无常的。我们知道什么能够取悦神,也知道什么会激怒祂;我们的所知,也随</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">启示的渐进而变得越来越明显。对祂敌人来说,惹祂发怒的行为通常是顽梗的对敌(出十四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">);就祂仆人而言,激怒祂的则是不忠(出三十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。两个原则都简洁地表露在「十言」之中(出二十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。就是因为神本性有这一面,祂才自称为「嫉妒的神」(出二十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,三十四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)──这词又可译作「热心的神」,比较不会引起误解(和合本作「忌邪的神」)。祂拯救,是因为祂爱;祂惩罚自己的子民,是因为这个具有排他性之爱的联结,受到了伤害。旧约晚期的篇章中,何西阿、杰里迈亚、以西结等人,皆以婚姻的结合,来形容耶和华和以色列间盟约的意义。虽然出埃及记并没有真正运用婚姻的喻象,来形容神和祂子民的关系,但这意念在该时已经萌芽。因此得罪神可以形容为淫乱(何二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),淫乱就是对婚姻的不忠。这喻象十分贴切,因为在希伯来思想里,婚姻是一种盟约(玛二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。故此违犯彼此的关系,最能挑起神的怒火。神既然主要在道德的层面上自我启示,违反的便通常是神的道德律。遵行这些法则就是爱心最大的考验(出二十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。实际上,不论在旧约还是新约,整个道德律都可以归纳为爱神(申六</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)和爱邻舍(利十九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">18</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)两点。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  旧约没有一处地方比西乃山启示的背景更加强调神的忿怒(出十九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">16</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">19</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),但这也是人最注目于神恩典之时。故此,日后形容神忿怒的常用象征,如:火、黑暗、地震山动(诗十八</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)等,很多都是取材于西乃山的史实。这些象征甚至沿用到新约时代,希伯来书十二章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">18</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">19</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节就是例子。然而从某方面来说,即使是神忿怒的一面,也是祂荣耀的一部分(出二十四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">17</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。神的作为不论是拯救还是审判,都能使祂得着荣耀。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  以色列在面对神震怒时,会惊慌畏惧(出二十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">19</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)是理所当然的事。这种恐惧是以色列对神真性情的认知,同时也是他们对自己罪性的了解。神的圣洁和人的罪性放在一起,无可避免会产生剧烈效应。这种恐惧在最理想的情况下,成为「敬畏耶和华」的虔诚之情。这种敬畏是对悖逆及其后果的畏惧,出埃及记二十章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节赞赏的,也是这种虔诚的敬畏。自此以后,「敬畏耶和华」在旧约之中,便成了一生顺服神的同义词(诗一一一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。从这个角度看,旧约「敬畏耶和华」的德行,和新约的「爱既完全就把惧怕除去」(约壹四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">18</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)的原则便没有抵触之处了。更重要的真理,则是忿怒的神为以色列预备了消弭祂怒气的途径:祂不喜惩罚,只喜拯救。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">Ⅶ 怒气可以转离的神</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  耶和华也是怒气能够转移的神(出三十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">30</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">34</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。悔改(有时甚至法老般肤浅的悔改)也能消弭神的怒气。代祷(出八</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)和赎罪祭(出二十九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,利未记例子更多)亦能使之转离。神怒气转离的最佳例子,莫过于金牛犊事件之后,摩西高贵的代求(出三十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">32</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。摩西在此和同胞认同,甘愿和他们同受审判(参看保罗在罗九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">的话)。信奉其它宗教的人,也相信神祇的忿怒能够藉</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">祈祷和献祭消除;但在他们心目之中,祈祷却有法术或数量上的功效。反观摩西祷文的内容(出三十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),便可看出以色列信仰独特之处。摩西向神的请求,是诉之于祂过去在拯救作为和应许赐福之中所彰显的本性,昔日亚伯拉罕为所多玛的代求(创十八</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">22</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">33</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)亦如出一辙。这不是敲诈神,强逼祂违反本意来赦免,而是向神所启示之爱的旨意作出请求。当我们后来读到耶和华自我启示祂的本性,便知道祂并非喜欢发怒和审判的神。神乐于施行怜悯(出三十四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">);旧约后来更直接说明了这一点(结十八</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">23</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。为犯罪之以色列如此作出代求(有时以香代表,民十六</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">46</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),称为「赎罪」(出三十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">30</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。即使是把金钱献到殿库,也可有「赎罪」的作用(出三十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">16</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),算是为赎生命而献上的挽回祭。这和下一点有直接的关系。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  虽然如上面所说,神的忿怒可以藉代求而得「赎」,「赎罪」这概念最普遍的用法,却和把动物献上作为赎罪祭最有关连(所用的通常是希伯来字根</SPAN><I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>ka{p{ar</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,「掩盖」的加强形式)。出埃及记好几次提到这样以动物为祭,特别是祭牲所流的血,不但能为亚伦及其众子「赎罪」(出二十九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">35</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">36</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),亦能为祭坛等没有生命的对象「赎罪」(出二十九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">37</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,和合本译「洁净」)。出埃及记显然默许了这个利未记明言的原则(利十七</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。所流的血代表舍弃了的生命,这血能在坛上「赎罪」,消弭神的忿怒。出埃及记二十九章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">36</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节直接拿「赎罪」(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">atone</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)和「赎罪祭」(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">sin-offering</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)相提并论,「赎罪」的意思更是明显。然而「赎罪」一词在出埃及记中,也有为特定的工作或用途「分别为圣」的含义(出二十九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">37</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。随</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">旧约的发展,藉赎罪祭来赎罪的概念始终不息,在耶路撒冷圣殿中成了巨大的系统,关涉到生命每个部分。藉献祭去赎罪的概念,无疑是基于代替的原则,这原则在亚伯拉罕时代已经存在(创二十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">13</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。其它宗教也有藉献祭来平息神祇怒火的想法,但以色列的概念和他们却有根本上的分别。对以色列来说,各种各样的献祭都出于神(利十七</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。设立接受赎罪祭,能使赎罪有效的是祂,为亚伯拉罕预备羊羔的也是祂(创二十二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。和摩西为百姓所作的祷告一样,这也不是敲诈不愿意的神,强逼祂饶恕。这是依循神赐恩的途径,进到祂面前。再者,献祭也不能机械式地产生果效。例如,「举手犯罪」──即故意、公开地悖逆神──的人(民十五</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">27</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">31</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,和合本作「擅敢行事」,英译本或照原文直译作</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>with a high hand</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">,或意译为</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>defiantly</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),就不能存</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">日后用献祭来购买赦罪的念头。献祭对这种人来说,是毫无用处的。即使是旧约圣徒,也明白消弭神忿怒的并不是祭物本身,而是它所代表的忧伤痛悔之心(诗五十一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">16</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">17</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  出埃及记中,「赎罪」的字根最有意思的用法,是在名词</SPAN><I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>kappo{ret[ </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">上。这字一般译作「施恩座」,是约柜上盖的名称(出三十七</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。好些解经家把这字直译为「盖子」,这译法也没有错,因为字根的含义其实也是「遮盖」。然而这字的意思若果真是「赎罪处」或「罪得遮盖之处」的话(其希腊译名</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> hilaste{rion </FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">似乎正有此意),这便是另一个显明神甘愿使怒气从人身上转离的字眼了。约柜正是神应许与人相会(出二十五</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">22</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),对他们说话的地方。约柜的盖子被视为耶和华的宝座(诗九十九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),有</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">???</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">的翅膀遮掩(出二十五</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),更是神的所在(我们若能敬虔地用「地方」这一个有限制的词)。就因为这个原因,约柜才被视为神临在的象征。约柜要停放在帐幕「至圣」之处(出四十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">21</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),又要在上路(民十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">33</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)和上阵(民十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">35</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)时,为以色列领路,其重要性可见一斑。因此在神与以色列同在之概念的中心,存在</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">神为祂犯罪子民供给赎罪和赦免的观念。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  至于</SPAN><I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Transliteration; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US>kappo{ret[ </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Transliteration; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">一字的真正意思,注释内文中有简短的讨论(出三十七</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。然而语言学不论能够提供什么答案,也总不会影响「神甘愿饶恕」这个牵连更广的问题。它至多只是为全本旧约其它地方都找得</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">的神学真理,在语言学上提供例证而已。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">Ⅷ 说话的神</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  「永生神」的称呼,在旧约一出现,便和神说话有关(申五</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">26</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),这一点很值得留意。这是神证明祂是存在而且行动的方法之一:神是说话的神,藉话语自我启示。出埃及记三章</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">22</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">节就是这真理的例证,这真理今日应当重申,来改正现代有失平衡的观念。先贤对「说话的神」之概念的关注,使我们今日对于与它相辅相成之「行动的神」的圣经概念,可能过分强调了;这种反应其实是无可厚非的。其实这两个概念同样肯定:神是藉言行向人类自我启示的神。这言行就是有解释的作为;圣经神学中有句话说:「行动加上诠释就是启示」。在圣经中,话语往往在行动之前:先来的是应许,接着应许得以成就。比较抽象一点来说,承认神是说话的神,就是肯定了一个原则:神的启示必然是悟性上可以理解、可以传达的;领受者能够明白这些启示,亦能向别人宣讲。日后一系列的先知所以能够在以色列出现,宣讲他们对历史的诠释,也是有赖于此。实际上,摩西在焚烧荆棘前的蒙召和经历(出三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),正是以后先知蒙召的典范。后来的先知说:「耶和华如此说」之时(摩一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),也是和摩西一样,不是依靠抽象的原则,而是基于本人实际的经历,来肯定相同的真理。他能够宣讲耶和华的话,是因为这话他已亲耳听闻了(出十六</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">23</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  这个「说话的神」的思想,深入地贯彻全卷出埃及记。神的声音以雷声为象征(出十九</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">19</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),全以色列都在西乃山听见了,又都充满畏惧(出二十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">18</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。摩西与神独特关系最突出的一点,是神面对面与他「说话」(出三十三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">);不像祂对其他人,是间接地说话。在西乃山所立的伟大盟约,是以神的「话语」为基础(出二十四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。实际上我们所谓的「十诫」,对希伯来人来说,是神启示的「十言」(出二十</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">):「十诫」所以成为诫命,不过因为它是神启示的话语。再者,正因为祂是说话的神,祂也是乐于宣告自己本性的神(出三十三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">23</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。神在焚烧的荆棘中向摩西启示耶和华之名,就是这过程的开始(出三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。然而这点显示得最清楚的,却莫过于摩西祈求神将自己的道路指明来让他认识之后(出三十三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">13</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">),神在何烈山宣告自己的名(换言之:祂的「本性」)的伟大事迹(出三十四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。这里所启示的话语深奥而又真实。在神丰满的奥妙之彰显里,没有人能够看见祂的真貌;人只能在神经过的迹象之中,藉祂的作为认识祂(「你就得见我的背」,出三十三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">23</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)。因此所宣告的,是以色列之经历所证实的神,亦即是以色列将要在历史中认知的神。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">  神启示自我,一方面是重述昔时蕴含在耶和华一名之内的启示,另一方面也是这信息的延伸。例如本章有两句话运用「以相同表相同」(拉:</SPAN><I><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman">idem per idem</FONT></SPAN></I><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: MingLiU">)的句式表达:「我要恩待我所恩待的,要怜悯我所怜悯的」(出三十三</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">19</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hide: all">{\LinkToBook:TopicID=247,Name= </SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hide: all">三十三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hide: all"><FONT face="Times New Roman">17</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hide: all">~</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hide: all"><FONT face="Times New Roman">23.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="DISPLAY: none; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: MingLiU; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hide: all"> 祈兜靡娚瘛
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