admin 发表于 2020-6-16 09:30:03

巴刻:圣经的默示

<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">默示</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">inspiration</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一词来自对《提摩太后书》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">16 theopneustos</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">一词的拉丁文和英文翻译。这节经文英王钦定本(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">KJV</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">圣经翻译为全部圣经都是上帝所默示的,在教训、责备</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">矫正和公义的指导等方面都是有益的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">A11 Scripture is</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">given by inspiration of God</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">and is profitable for doctrine</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">for reproof</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">for correction</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">for instruction in righteousness.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。较之英王钦定本圣经,标准修订版所用的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">被上帝所默示</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">inspired of God</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">并无改进,因为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">theopneustos</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">意为被上帝“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">呼出</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的,而非</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">吸入</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的,也就是上帝之呼气而非吸气。在上一世纪,爱华德</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ewald</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和克里默(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Cremer</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">争论说,这一形容词应具有主动意义,即呼出圣灵</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">breathing the Spirit</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,巴特看来同意此观点。巴特解释道,这不仅意味着其</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">被上帝的灵给予、充满和统治</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,同时也指其</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">主动地发出、向外传播并使上帝的灵被知晓</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《教会教义学》</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" lang=EN-US>1.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">);</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">但是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">B.B.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">沃菲尔德在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1900</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">年坚定地指出这一单词只可能是被动式。意思是说,上帝并非正在呼出之上帝,乃是已经呼出圣经之上帝。保罗的用词并非想表达圣经在“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">启示</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">尽管这观点本身正确),而是想表达圣经是上帝的一个产物。这一点必须如此理解和评估。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在旧约中,上帝的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">气</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">或</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">灵</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">表示上帝能力的主动运行,不论是在创造(诗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">33</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">伯</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">33</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">比较创</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、护理</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">伯</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">34</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、向先知或借先知启示</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">赛</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">48</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">16</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">61</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">弥</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">珥</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">28</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">及以下)、重生(结</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">36</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">27</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">还是审判(赛</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">30</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">28</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">33</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">之时。新约将这一上帝之</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">气</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(希腊词pneuma)启示为神性之一位格。上帝的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">“气”(圣灵)产生了圣经,作为传递圣灵理解的途径。无论我们将<SPAN lang=EN-US>pasa graphe</SPAN>译</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">整部圣经</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">或是</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">每一句经文</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,在分析句子时无论我们遵循标准修订版抑或是修订版</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">修订版是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">every scripture inspired of God is also profitable</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上帝所默示的每卷圣经都是有益的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,这是一种可能的译法),保罗所表达的意思都是清晰明确、毫无疑问的。他确认,所有进入圣经这一范畴者,所有在</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">神圣著作</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”(hiera </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">grammata</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,提后</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,修订版)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中占得一席之地者,正因为它是上帝所呼出的,因此它于信仰和生活的教导都是有益的。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">基于保罗的这句经文,英语神学通常使用</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">默示</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">"</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">inspiration</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)一</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">词来表达“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">圣经神圣之源头及性质</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这一思想。从主动角度理解,该名词表示上帝呼出气息的举动产生了圣经</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从被动角度理解,圣经是被默示、呼出以至于产生。该词还可更为广泛地用以描写上帝的感化力,正是这一力量推动其拣选的器皿</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">先知、诗篇作者、智者以及使徒</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">去说出并写下上帝的话语。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><B><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">圣经的默示观念</SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><B><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">根据《提摩太后书》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">16</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,被默示的乃是圣经作品。默示是上帝的工作,它不是终止于写作圣经的人(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">仿佛,上帝把要表达的思想赐给人,之后任凭人用自己的方式表达这一思想),乃是终止于实际的书写作品。被上帝呼出的是圣经</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">——</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">g</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" lang=EN-US>raph</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">e</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,即书面的文本。此处所表述的本质思想就是:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">全本圣经都具备与先知讲道相同的特质,不论是宣讲出来的还是书写下来的(参见彼后</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">19</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" lang=EN-US>-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">21</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,论及所有“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">圣经预言</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的神圣源头)。也就是说,圣经不仅是人的话语</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">人的思想、谋划及艺术的结晶,而且同样也是上帝的话语,通过人的口和笔表达出来。换言之,圣经具有双重作者身份,人只是次要的第二作者,第一作者乃是圣灵,而每位圣经作者都是借助圣灵的启发、激励和光照并在其支配下完成写作的。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上帝对先知的启示本质上是字句式的。尽管启示通常具有异象的特点,但即便是</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">异象中的启示仍是字句式的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">。布龙纳(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">B</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" lang=EN-US>ru</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">nner</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">曾经说过,在</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">先知所宣称直接从上帝接受来的,并被委任严格按接受的原样去重复的上帝的话语中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">……</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">我们或许能发现对于字句默示观之意义的最贴切的类比”(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《启示与理性》)。诚然如此,我们不只发现了这一类比,更是发现了该启示观的范例</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在此用</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">理论</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一词是错误的,因为这正是圣经教义本身。圣经的默示应使用等同于先知默示的神学术语来定义,即</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">将其视为整体过程</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">心理形式无疑是多种多样的,正如先知的默示也是多种多样的),在这个过程中上帝感动他所拣选和预备</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">参见耶</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">加</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的那些人,精确地记下他所要求记下的内容,以便将得救的知识传达给其子民,并通过其子民传至整个世界。由此看来,圣经的默示在其本质上是字句默示,因为上帝所呼出的圣经正是由上帝赐予的话语组成的。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">因此,默示的圣经是书面启示,如同先知的讲道是口头的启示一样。圣经对上帝在救赎历史中的自我启示的记载不仅仅是人对这一启示的见证,更是启示本身。圣经的默示是启示过程中不可或缺的部分,因为在圣经中上帝赐给教会他在历史中的救赎之工以及对它在上帝永恒计划中的地位亲自所作的权威性解释。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">耶和华如此说</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">应加缀于圣经的每一卷书之前,恰如其加缀于圣经所包含的个人性预言之前一样贴切</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">据克勒统计有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">359</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">次)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。默示也因此确保了所有圣经宣告的真实性,如同先知的默示确保了他们所表述的上帝心意的真实性。(这里的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">真实性</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意指人的话语和上帝的思想之间的一致性,不管是从事实上或是从意义上讲。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">作为从上帝</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">人类的创造者和公义的君王)发出的真理,圣经的教导,如同先知传达的神谕,具有神圣之权威。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=4>圣经的陈述</FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=4></FONT></SPAN></B>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">圣经正典</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">即对上帝启示永久性、权威性记载的文献或文献集)这一概念要追溯到摩西在旷野对上帝律法的记载(出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">34</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">27</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">以下;申</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">31</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">9</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">以下,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">24</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">以下)。圣经中的所有陈述——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">历史的或神学的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的真实性,以及它们作为上帝话语的权威性,无论是在旧约中还是新约中都被认为是毋庸置疑的。正典的形成有一个过程,但默示作为正典性之前提这一概念却从起初就是完备的,并贯穿整本圣经,始终不变。如下所示,这包含两个信念:</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">圣经的文字是上帝自己的话语。旧约圣经把摩西律法和先知口头和书面的话语等同于上帝自己的话(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">参见王上</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">22</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" lang=EN-US>-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">16</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">尼</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">诗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">119</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">耶</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">25</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" lang=EN-US>-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">13</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">36</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,等等)。新约作者将整本旧约视为“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上帝的圣言</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">罗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,英王钦定本圣经),众先知的书(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">罗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">16</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">26</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">参见</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">21</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,人被圣灵感动说出的上帝的话</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">彼后</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">21</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">参见彼前</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" lang=EN-US>-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。基督和他的门徒引用旧约经文时,并非仅仅将其视为摩西、大卫或者以赛亚等人所说的话</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见可</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">36</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">罗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">9</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,而是将其看作上帝借着这些人所讲的话(见徒</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">25</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">28</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">25</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,有时甚至直接用</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上帝</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">说</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">林前</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">16</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">来</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,或圣灵说</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">来</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。此外,旧约中根据上下文可知并非上帝亲自所作的陈述也被当作上帝所说的话来引用</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">太</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">19</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">以下;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">来</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">徒</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">13</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">34</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,分别引自创</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">24</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">诗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">95</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">赛</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">55</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。在提到上帝对亚伯拉罕的应许和对法老的威胁时,保罗也将其看作是圣经对两人所讲的话,尽管那是在圣经成书之前很久说的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">加</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">罗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">9</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">17</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">),</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这足以表明保罗将圣经的陈述完全等同于上帝的话。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">人在圣经形成过程中的作用只是传递他所接收到的。从心理上讲,显然圣经作者对圣经成书的形式还是颇有贡献的:如历史研究,神学默想,以及语言风格等等。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从某种意义上讲,圣经的每一卷书都是相应作者的文学创作。但是从神学角度讲,圣经作者对圣经的内容却毫无贡献,圣经完全是上帝的创作。这一信念根植于以圣经为信仰根基的基督教奠基者的自觉意识中。所有这些奠基者一致宣称,他们所讲的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从先知和使徒的角度讲是所写的)都是一字不差地转述第二者即上帝自己的话语。先知(摩西应位列其中:申</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">18</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">34</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公然宣称他们所讲的是耶和华的话,把耶和华向以色列人所指示的话摆在他们面前</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">耶</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">结</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">摩</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。拿撒勒人耶稣宣称他所说的话是父所赐予的(约</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">16</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">49</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。使徒奉基督之名教导并颁布命令(帖后</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,由此宣告他的权威和上帝的任命</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">林前</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">37</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。他们还坚持说无论是他们做的事或说的话都是上帝的灵教导他们的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">林前</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">9</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" lang=EN-US>-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">13</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">参见基督的应许,约</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">26</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">26</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">以下;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">16</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">13</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">以下)。这些都是对默示的宣称。在这些宣称的指引下,可以说:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">正如那两块法版,也就是</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上帝用指头写的石版</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">31</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">18</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">参见</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">24</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">32</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">16</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,完全是上帝的话一样,那么将先知和使徒的作品视为全部是上帝的话也就很自然地成为圣经信仰的一部分了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">基督和使徒在认定旧约权威之时显然强有力地见证了默示这一事实。实际上,他们声称犹太人的旧约就是基督徒圣经的一部分:是对基督所作的先知性见证的文献著作</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">路</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">24</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">25</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">44</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">约</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">39</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">林后</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">及以下),也是上帝计划用来指导基督徒的准则(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">罗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">15</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">林前</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提后</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">及以下;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">参见来</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" lang=EN-US>-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">章,以及在整本《希伯来书》对诗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">95</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" lang=EN-US>-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的解释,其中每个要点都引用了旧约经文)。基督强调旧约的话是“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不能废的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">约</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">35</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。他告诉犹太人,他来并不是要废掉律法和先知</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">太</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">17</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">);</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如果他们误以为要废掉这些,他们就大错特错了。耶稣来要做的恰恰相反</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">借着成全它们为其神圣权威性作见证。律法永远立定,因为它是上帝的话</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">太</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">18</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">路</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">16</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">17</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,一切的预言,尤其是指着他自己说的,都必须应验</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">太</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">26</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">54</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">路</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">22</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">37</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">参见可</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">31</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">路</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">18</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">31</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。对基督和使徒来讲,对旧约的引用永远具有决定性的意义</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">参见太</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">罗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">19</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">彼前</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">16</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">新约作者引用旧约时的自由(根据最适合他们的译本,如</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">七十士译本</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、塔尔根或特别的希伯来文译本)曾被视为他们不相信原文字句默示性的表现。但是,新约作者的兴趣并不在于字句本身,而是在于字句所承载的意义。最近的研究显示这些引文是说明性的和阐释性的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">犹太民族中众所周知的一种引言方式。新约作者试图借助他们引用的形式来指出文本的真正意义和应用。在绝大多数情况下,借助严格地将有关基督与教会关系的清晰无误的神学原则应用到旧约,这一意义显然已经实现了。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><B><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">神学声明</SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><B><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在明确陈述圣经默示</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">观的同时,有必要指出四种否定的观点</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">默示不是什么):</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">默示这一观念并非指机械式的听写,或无意识的写作,或任何涉及否定圣经作者心智活动的过程。这种默示观念见于《塔木德》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Talmud</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、斐洛</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Philo</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和教父著作,而非存在于圣经之中。影响圣经作者写作的神圣指导和控制并非指身体或心理上的一种力量,也因此不会削弱而只会提升作者写作时的自由、灵活和创造力。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在默示中,上帝并没有消灭其代言人的个性、风格、观点和文化背景,但这一事实并不意味着上帝对他们的管控是有缺陷的,或者他们在写作的过程中会不可避免地歪曲上帝所传达给他们的真理。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">B.B.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">沃菲尔德(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Warfield</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对此观念进行了淡淡的嘲讽,他说上帝让保罗写信之时</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">:</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他被迫必须亲临地球,痛苦地巡视着他所寻找的人选,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">焦</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">急地寻找从总体上最可能满足其条件并能完成使命的那个人。然后,他猛烈地将其盼望表达的材料强加在此人身上,不顾其天然习性与爱好,且尽可能避免因其反抗而带来的损害。当然,这类事情并没有发生。如果上帝想赐予其子民一系列书信,如保罗书信,他会安排</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">某个保罗</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">来写,而他所委以重任的这个保罗也定是可以自由写出这些书信的保罗。(《圣经的默示和权威》)</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">默示的性质与文本流传过程中出现的讹误毫无关联,只涉及最初受默示的作者所写的原典。因此,承认圣经的默示性使得细致入</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">微的文本批判成为更加迫切的任务,因为这样才能排除那些语言讹误并进而确定原典的真貌。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">圣经写作的默示性不可等同于伟大文学作品的灵感,尽管圣经本身也算为伟大的文学作品。圣经的默示观与被写内容的文学特质毫无关系,而是与其写作中神圣启示的特性相关。</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=4>……………………………………………………</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><B><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">参考文献</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">•Barth</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Karl.Church Dogmatics</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(《教</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">会</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">教</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">义学</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">》),1956.</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">•Dodd</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">C.H.<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" lang=EN-US>According to the </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">S</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" lang=EN-US>cripture(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《根据圣经》),</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1952.</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">•Ellis</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">Earl E.Paul’s Use of the Old T</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" lang=EN-US>e</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">stament</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《保罗对旧约的使用》</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">),</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1957.</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">•Koehler</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">L.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" lang=EN-US>Old Testament Theology(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《旧约神学》),</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1957.</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">•Stendahl</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">K.The School of St.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" lang=EN-US>Matthew(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《圣马太学派》),</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1954.</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">•Tasker</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">R V.G.The Old Testament in the New Testament</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《新约中的旧约》),</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1954.<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">•Warfield</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">B.B.The Inspiration and Authority of the </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" lang=EN-US>Bible</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《圣经的默不和权威》),</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1951</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" lang=EN-US>.</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" lang=EN-US></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=p0><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体" lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (本文选自《圣经的来源》)</SPAN></FONT></P>

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